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2022 Update of the External Balance Assessment Methodology

Author/Editor: Cian Allen, Camila Casas, Giovanni Ganelli, Luciana Juvenal, Daniel Leigh, Pau Rabanal, Cyril Rebillard, Jair Rodriguez, João Tovar Jalles.

Release Date:March, 2023

The assessment of external positions and exchange rates of member countries is a key mandate of the IMF. The External Balance Assessment (EBA) methodology has provided the framework for conducting more...



Price: $20.00
Dominant Currencies and External Adjustment

Author/Editor: Gustavo Adler, Camila Casas, Luis M Cubeddu, Gita Gopinath, Nan Li, Sergii Meleshchuk, Carolina Osorio Buitron, Damien Puy, Yannick Timmer.

Release Date:July, 2020

The extensive use of the US dollar when firms set prices for international trade (dubbed dominant currency pricing) and in their funding (dominant currency financing) has come to the forefront of more...



Price: $10.00
Patterns in Invoicing Currency in Global Trade

Author/Editor: Emine Boz, Camila Casas, Georgios Georgiadis, Gita Gopinath, Helena Le Mezo, Arnaud Mehl, Tra Nguyen.

Release Date:July, 2020

This paper presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date panel data set of invoicing currencies in global trade. It provides data on the shares of exports and imports invoiced in US dollars, euros, more...



Price: $18.00
Dominant Currency Paradigm: A New Model for Small Open Economies

Author/Editor: Camila Casas, Federico Diez, Gita Gopinath, Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas.

Release Date:November, 2017

Most trade is invoiced in very few currencies. Despite this, the Mundell-Fleming benchmark and its variants focus on pricing in the producer’s currency or in local currency. We model more...



Price: $18.00