Author/Editor: Maximiliano Appendino, Olga Bespalova, Rina Bhattacharya, Jean François Clevy, Nan Geng, Takuji Komatsuzaki, Justin Lesniak, Weicheng Lian, Sandra Marcelino, Mauricio Villafuerte, Yorbol Yakhshilikov.

Release Date:February, 2023

After providing a general overview of the nature, pros, and cons of crypto assets and CBDCs, this paper focuses on documenting their recent experience in LAC. The region records a high interest in more...

Author/Editor: Philip Barrett, Maximiliano Appendino, Kate Nguyen, Jorge de Leon Miranda.

Release Date:July, 2020

We present a new index of social unrest based on counts of relevant media reports. The index consists of individual monthly time series for 130 countries, available with almost no lag, and can be more...

Author/Editor: Mishel Ghassibe, Maximiliano Appendino, Samir Elsadek Mahmoudi.

Release Date:September, 2019

This paper offers empirical evidence that greater financial inclusion of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can promote higher economic growth and employment, especially in the Middle East and more...

Author/Editor: Nicolas R Blancher, Maximiliano Appendino, Aidyn Bibolov, Armand Fouejieu, Jiawei Li, Anta Ndoye, Alexandra Panagiotakopoulou, Wei Shi, Tetyana Sydorenko.

Release Date:February, 2019

The importance of financial inclusion is increasingly recognized by policymakers around the world. Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financial inclusion, in particular, is at the core of the more...

Author/Editor: Tamim Bayoumi, Maximiliano Appendino, Jelle Barkema, Diego A Cerdeiro.

Release Date:November, 2018

All common real effective exchange rate indexes assume trade is only in final goods, despite the growing presence of global supply chains. Extending effective exchange rate indexes to include such more...