 | European Labor Markets and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Fallout and the Path Ahead Author/Editor: Sakai Ando, Ravi Balakrishnan, Bertrand Gruss, Jean-Jacques Hallaert, La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul, Koralai Kirabaeva, Nir Klein, Ana Lariau, Lucy Qian Liu, Davide Malacrino, Haonan Qu, Alexandra Solovyeva. Release Date:March, 2022 In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by far the largest shock to European economies since World War II. Yet, astonishingly, the EU unemployment rate had already declined to its pre-crisis level by more...
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 | Corporate Sector Vulnerabilities in Ireland Author/Editor: Nir Klein. Release Date:November, 2016 The paper uses both macro- and micro-level data to assess how has the financial health of the Irish non-financial corporate (NFC) sector changed in the post financial crisis period. The analysis more...
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| Small and Medium Size Enterprises, Credit Supply Shocks, and Economic Recovery in Europe Author/Editor: Nir Klein. Release Date:June, 2014 The limited access to bank credit in recent years has increased the pressure on small and medium size enterprises (SMEs), forcing them to scale down investment plans and production. This paper, which more...
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 | Non-Performing Loans in CESEE: Determinants and Impact on Macroeconomic Performance Author/Editor: Nir Klein. Release Date:March, 2013 The paper investigates the non-performing loans (NPLs) in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) in the period of 1998–2011. The paper finds that the level of NPLs can be attributed to more...
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| A Financial Conditions Index for South Africa Author/Editor: Nombulelo Gumata, Nir Klein, Eliphas Ndou. Release Date:August, 2012 The main purpose of this paper is to construct a financial conditions index (FCI) for South Africa. The analysis extracts the index by applying two alternative approaches (principal component more...
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| Estimating the Implicit Inflation Target of the South African Reserve Bank Author/Editor: Nir Klein. Release Date:July, 2012 This paper applies a state-space approach to estimate the implicit inflation target of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) since the adoption of the Inflation Targeting (IT) framework. The paper's more...
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| Real Wage, Labor Productivity, and Employment Trends in South Africa: A Closer Look Author/Editor: Nir Klein. Release Date:April, 2012 The paper looks at the dynamics of employment in South Africa and examines the factors that contributed to the job-shedding observed during the recent financial crisis. The paper finds that the rapid more...
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| South Africa : The Cyclical Behavior of the Markups and its Implications for Monetary Policy Author/Editor: Nir Klein. Release Date:August, 2011 The study looks at the cyclical behavior of the markups and assesses its impact on inflation dynamics. The analysis finds that the aggregate level of the private sector''s markup is relatively high, more...
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| The Linkage between the Oil and Non-oil Sectors : A Panel VAR Approach Author/Editor: Nir Klein. Release Date:May, 2010 Recent empirical studies have shown an inverse relation between natural resource intensity and long-term growth, implying that the natural resources generally impede economic growth through various more...
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| Understanding Inflation Inertia in Angola Author/Editor: Alexander Kyei, Nir Klein. Release Date:May, 2009 In recent years, the decline in inflation in Angola has stalled and further steps may be needed to attain the authorities' medium term goal of meeting the Southern African Development Community more...
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