 | Geoeconomic Fragmentation and the Future of Multilateralism Author/Editor: Shekhar Aiyar, Jiaqian Chen, Christian H Ebeke, Roberto Garcia-Saltos, Tryggvi Gudmundsson, Anna Ilyina, Alvar Kangur, Tansaya Kunaratskul, Sergio L Rodriguez, Michele Ruta, Tatjana Schulze, Gabriel Soderberg, Juan P Trevino. Release Date:January, 2023 After several decades of increasing global economic integration, the world is facing the risk of policy-driven geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF). This note explores the ramifications. It identifies more...
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| Pension Reforms in Europe: How Far Have We Come and Gone? Author/Editor: Armand P Fouejieu, Alvar Kangur, Samuel Romero Martinez, Mauricio Soto. Release Date:September, 2021 In the past few decades, a myriad of reforms in Europe have had a significant impact on the way and extent to which public pensions provide retirement income. This departmental paper takes stock of more...
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 | Reforming the Greek Pension System Author/Editor: Alvar Kangur, Niki Kalavrezou, Daehaeng Kim. Release Date:July, 2021 The Greek pension system has been costly, complex, and distortive, which has contributed to Greece's fiscal problems and discouraged labor force participation. Several attempts to reform the system more...
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| On the Substitution of Private and Public Capital in Production Author/Editor: Zidong An, Alvar Kangur, Chris Papageorgiou. Release Date:November, 2019 Most macroeconomic models assume that aggregate output is generated by a specification for the production function with total physical capital as a key input. Implicitly this assumes that private and more...
| Price: $18.00
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| How Informative Are Real Time Output Gap Estimates in Europe? Author/Editor: Alvar Kangur, Koralai Kirabaeva, Jean-Marc Natal, Simon Voigts. Release Date:September, 2019 We study the properties of the IMF-WEO estimates of real-time output gaps for countries in the euro area as well as the determinants of their revisions over 1994-2017. The analysis shows that staff more...
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| Italy: Toward a Growth-Friendly Fiscal Reform Author/Editor: Michal Andrle, Shafik Hebous, Alvar Kangur, Mehdi Raissi. Release Date:March, 2018 Published in late 2017, the Italian medium-term fiscal plan aims to achieve structural balance
by 2020, although concrete, high-quality measures to meet the target are yet to be more...
| Price: $18.00
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| Italy: Quantifying the Benefits of a Comprehensive Reform Package Author/Editor: Michal Andrle, Alvar Kangur, Mehdi Raissi. Release Date:March, 2018 This paper seeks to quantify the net benefits of a comprehensive reform package aimed
at addressing Italy’s inter-related challenges. Specifically, it simulates the growth and
more...
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| Competitiveness and Wage Bargaining Reform in Italy Author/Editor: Alvar Kangur. Release Date:March, 2018 The growth of Italian exports has lagged that of euro area peers. Against the backdrop of
unit labor costs that have risen faster than those in euro area peers, this paper examines
more...
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 | The Challenge of Public Pension Reform in Advanced and Emerging Economies Author/Editor: Benedict J. Clements, David Coady, Frank Eich, Sanjeev Gupta, Alvar Kangur, Baoping Shang, Mauricio Soto. Release Date:January, 2013 Pension reform is high on the policy agenda of many advanced and emerging market economies. In advanced economies the challenge is generally to contain future increases in public pension spending as more...
| Price: $33.00
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| Efficiency-Adjusted Public Capital and Growth Author/Editor: Sanjeev Gupta, Alvar Kangur, Abdoul Wane, Chris Papageorgiou. Release Date:September, 2011 This paper constructs an efficiency-adjusted public capital stock series and re-examines the public capital and growth relationship for 52 developing countries. The results show that public capital more...
| Price: $18.00
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