 | Supporting Sustainable Financing and Access to Finance in Armenia Author/Editor: Maria Atamanchuk, Kiichi Tokuoka. Release Date:January, 2023 In Armenia, both external and domestic financing face challenges. Armenia's share of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) in private external financing has declined significantly over the past more...
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 | Evolution of Bilateral Swap Lines Author/Editor: Michael Perks, Yudong Rao, Jongsoon Shin, Kiichi Tokuoka. Release Date:August, 2021 This paper makes contributions to the study of bilateral swap lines (BSLs). First, this paper fills a BSL information gap by constructing a comprehensive database of BSLs based on publicly available more...
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 | Pension Reforms in Japan Author/Editor: Kenichiro Kashiwase, Masahiro Nozaki, Kiichi Tokuoka. Release Date:December, 2012 This paper analyzes various reform options for Japan’s public pension in light of large fiscal consolidation needs of the country. The most attractive option is to increase the pension eligibility more...
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 | Intergenerational Implications of Fiscal Consolidation in Japan Author/Editor: Kiichi Tokuoka. Release Date:August, 2012 In Japan, intergenerational inequality in lifetime resources is substantial, with a heavier fiscal burden on the young than the old. Moreover, given the need for fiscal consolidation, the inequality more...
| Price: $18.00
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 | Does the Business Environment Affect Corporate Investment in India? Author/Editor: Kiichi Tokuoka. Release Date:March, 2012 Since the global financial crisis, corporate investment has been weak in India. Sluggish corporate investment would not only moderate growth from the demand side but also constrain growth from the more...
| Price: $18.00
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 | Assessing the Risks to the Japanese Government Bond (JGB) Market Author/Editor: Waikei W. Lam, Kiichi Tokuoka. Release Date:December, 2011 Despite the rise in public debt, Japanese Government Bond (JGB) yields have remained low and stable, supported by steady inflows from the household and corporate sectors, high domestic ownership of more...
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 | Rebalancing in Japan : The Role of Private Consumption Author/Editor: Kiichi Tokuoka. Release Date:December, 2010 Boosting growth through rebalancing is critical for addressing pressures from Japan’s aging population. This paper focuses on one important untapped source of growth - private consumption, and more...
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 | The Outlook for Financing Japan's Public Debt Author/Editor: Kiichi Tokuoka. Release Date:January, 2010 Despite the rapid rise in public debt and large fiscal deficits, Japanese Government Bond (JGB) yields have remained fairly stable. Possible factors include: Japan's sizeable pool of household more...
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 | “Lost Decade” in Translation - What Japan’s Crisis could Portend about Recovery from the Great Recession Author/Editor: Kiichi Tokuoka, Murtaza H. Syed, Kenneth Kang. Release Date:December, 2009 Is the recovery from the global financial crisis now secured? A strikingly similar crisis that stalled Japan's growth miracle two decades ago could provide some clues. This paper explores the more...
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