 | Real Exchange Rates and Competitiveness : A Clarification of Concepts, and Some Measurements for Europe Author/Editor: Leslie Lipschitz, Donogh McDonald. Release Date:March, 1991 This paper examines indicators of competitiveness. It analyzes the conceptual foundations of conventional measures of the real exchange rate and finds that inferences about competitiveness from these more...
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 | Aging and Social Expenditure in the Major Industrial Countries, 1980-2025 Author/Editor: Edgardo Ruggiero, Peter S Heller, Menachem Katz, Robert Alan Feldman, Richard Hemming, Peter Kohnert, Ziba Farhadian, Donogh McDonald, Ahsan S Mansur, Bernard Nivollet. Release Date:September, 1986 Most of the seven major industrial countries are now experiencing significant changes in their demographic structure. A persistent pattern of declining fertility and improving life expectancy has more...
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