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Measurement and Use of Cash by Half the World's Population

Author/Editor: Tanai Khiaonarong, David Humphrey.

Release Date:March, 2023

The use of cash for payments is not well measured. We view the value of cash withdrawn from ATMs, or as a share of all payments, as a more accurate and timely measure of cash use compared to the more...



Price: $20.00
Instant Payments: Regulatory Innovation and Payment Substitution Across Countries

Author/Editor: Tanai Khiaonarong, David Humphrey.

Release Date:November, 2022

Instant, or fast, payments are credit transfers completed and settled within seconds or minutes. They have low costs, reduce payment risk, and have significantly replaced the use of cash, cards, or more...



Price: $20.00
Falling Use of Cash and Demand for Retail Central Bank Digital Currency

Author/Editor: Tanai Khiaonarong, David Humphrey.

Release Date:February, 2022

Cash use in most countries is falling slowly. On the margin, younger adults favor cash substitutes over cash. For older adults it is the reverse. Revealed preference tied to a changing population age more...



Price: $5.00
E-Money: Prudential Supervision, Oversight, and User Protection

Author/Editor: Marc C Dobler, José Garrido, Dirk Jan Grolleman, Tanai Khiaonarong, Jan Nolte.

Release Date:December, 2021

This departmental paper discusses the evolving prudential frameworks for nonbank issuers of electronic money. Some jurisdictions take a relatively light-touch approach to regulating electronic money more...



Price: $20.00
Operational Resilience in Digital Payments: Experiences and Issues

Author/Editor: Tanai Khiaonarong, Harry Leinonen, Ryan Rizaldy.

Release Date:December, 2021

Major operational incidents in payment systems suggest the need to improve their resiliency. Meanwhile, as payment infrastructures become more digitalized, integrated, and interdependent, they more...



Price: $5.00
Cyber Risk and Financial Stability

Author/Editor: Frank Adelmann, Jennifer A Elliott, Ibrahim Ergen, Tamas Gaidosch, Nigel Jenkinson, Tanai Khiaonarong, Anastasiia Morozova, Nadine Schwarz, Christopher Wilson.

Release Date:December, 2020

The ability of attackers to undermine, disrupt and disable information and communication technology systems used by financial institutions is a threat to financial stability and one that requires more...



Price: $5.00
A Survey of Research on Retail Central Bank Digital Currency

Author/Editor: John Kiff, Jihad Alwazir, Sonja Davidovic, Aquiles Farias, Ashraf Khan, Tanai Khiaonarong, Majid Malaika, Hunter K Monroe, Nobu Sugimoto, Hervé Tourpe, Peter Zhou.

Release Date:June, 2020

This paper examines key considerations around central bank digital currency (CBDC) for use by the general public, based on a comprehensive review of recent research, central bank experiments, and more...



Price: $18.00
Distributed Ledger Technology Experiments in Payments and Settlements

Author/Editor: Ghiath Shabsigh, Tanai Khiaonarong, Harry Leinonen.

Release Date:June, 2020

Major transformations in payment and settlements have occurred in generations. The first generation was paper-based. Delivery times for payment instruments took several days domestically and weeks more...



Price: $4.99
Fintech and Payments Regulation: Analytical Framework

Author/Editor: Tanai Khiaonarong, Terry Goh.

Release Date:May, 2020

Financial technology (Fintech) has prompted authorities to consider their potential financial stability benefits, risks, and effective regulation. Recent developments suggest that regulatory more...



Price: $18.00
Cash Use Across Countries and the Demand for Central Bank Digital Currency

Author/Editor: Tanai Khiaonarong, David Humphrey.

Release Date:March, 2019

The level and trend in cash use in a country will influence the demand for central bank digital currency (CBDC). While access to digital currency will be more convenient than traveling to an ATM, it more...



Price: $18.00
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