 | Unproductive Public Expenditures: A Pragmatic Approach to Policy Analysis Author/Editor: Ludger Schuknecht, Sergio Lugaresi, Jerald Alan Schiff, Gerd Schwartz, Daniel P. Hewitt, Ke-young Chu, Benedict J. Clements, Sanjeev Gupta. Release Date:August, 1995 Public expenditures policy, together with efforts to raise revenue, is at the core of efficient and equitable adjustment. Public expenditure productivity has critical implications for fiscal more...
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 | The Distributional Effects of Public Expenditure : Update and Overview Author/Editor: Teresa Ter-Minassian, Gerd Schwartz. Release Date:August, 1995 It is commonly agreed that economic policies, including budgetary policies, can have potentially strong distributional effects. Traditional economic analysis held that economic policies affected the more...
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 | Poland : The Path to a Market Economy Author/Editor: Charalambos Christofides, Paul Mylonas, Inci Ötker, Liam P Ebrill, Gerd Schwartz, Ajai Chopra. Release Date:September, 1994 Poland's economy rebounded dramatically in 1992-93, several years after the nation embarded on a comprehensive program of economic transformation. This paper describes Polan's steps in the areas of more...
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| Output Decline and Government Expenditures in European Transition Economies Author/Editor: Gerd Schwartz, Ke-young Chu. Release Date:June, 1994 This paper discusses the role of government expenditure policies in the decline in aggregate output in European transition economies. It is argued that there is little evidence for the hypothesis more...
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| Toward An Economic Theory of Multilateral Development Banking Author/Editor: Gerd Schwartz. Release Date:May, 1993 This paper addresses an apparent lack of economic theory in the analysis of multilateral development bank (MDB) behavior. A simple comparative statics model that is adapted from the credit union more...
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| Poland : The Social Safety Net During the Transition Author/Editor: Xavier Maret, Gerd Schwartz. Release Date:May, 1993 This paper argues that the brunt of the reform-induced increase in Polish social expenditures has been borne by social insurance arrangements (mainly pensions and unemployment compensation) rather more...
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| Currency Substitution : The Recent Experience of Bolivia Author/Editor: Benedict J Clements, Gerd Schwartz. Release Date:August, 1992 This paper analyzes the determinants of currency substitution in Bolivia in the period following the 1984/85 hyperinflation. We find that expected exchange rate depreciation and actual interest rate more...
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